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1 rectangular layout
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > rectangular layout
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2 rectangular layout
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > rectangular layout
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3 rectangular layout
Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > rectangular layout
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4 rectangular layout
Нефть: перпендикулярная расстановка -
5 rectangular layout
Англо-русский словарь по ядерным испытаниям и горному делу > rectangular layout
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6 layout
1. проект, проектирование2. общая схема расположения отдельных частей; расположение, разбивка, компоновка; планировка; генеральный план3. план, чертёж; схема, эскиз5. оборудование, набор инструментов
* * *
размещение; расположение; схема расположения, план; чёртеж; разбивка программы
* * *
размещение; расположение; схема расположения, план; чёртеж; разбивка программы
* * *
1) расположение; схема расположения2) разбивка; компоновка•- controlled blast design pattern layout
- desk layout of production equipment
- detector layout
- drilling rig layout
- equipment layout
- geophone layout
- irregular layout
- pipeline layout
- piping layout
- production equipment layout
- rectangular layout
- regular layout
- rig layout
- ring layout
- round blasthole layout
- seismometer pattern layout
- spread layout
- surface layout
- well flow line layout* * *• генплан• схема -
7 rectangular dipole layout
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > rectangular dipole layout
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8 rectangular system of street layout
Строительство: сеть улиц, расположенных взаимно перпендикулярноУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > rectangular system of street layout
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9 rectangular dipole layout
Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > rectangular dipole layout
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10 rectangular system of street layout
сеть улиц, расположенных взаимно перпендикулярноАнгло-русский строительный словарь > rectangular system of street layout
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11 pattern
1) рисунок; изображение; узор; картина; рельеф || формировать рисунок или изображение2) образ4) лекало5) метал. форма6) моделировать; копировать7) вчт. графический шаблон8) мн. ч. аппликации( в ЦМД ЗУ)12) схема; диаграмма13) сетка ( размещения скважин)14) диаграмма направленности ( антенны)15) рентгенограмма16) схема (сейсмической) группы; (сейсмическая) группа; расстановка в (сейсмической) группе17) последовательность ( импульсов)18) код; кодовая комбинация20) промежуточный оригинал ( фотошаблона)•-
abrasion pattern
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acoustic pattern
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aerial search pattern
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air traffic pattern
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annular drainage pattern
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antenna pattern
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approach traffic pattern
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approved pattern
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arborescent pattern
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azimuth pattern
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back-reflection Laue pattern
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backscattering pattern
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bar test pattern
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bar pattern
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basic pattern
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beam pattern
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behavioral pattern
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bidirectional pattern
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bit pattern
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blasthole pattern
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block pattern
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bubble patterns
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buckle pattern
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camera-scanning pattern
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cardioid pattern
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casting pattern
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centrifugal drainage pattern
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charge pattern
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charging pattern
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checkerboard pattern
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chip pattern
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circuit pattern
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circular pattern
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circulation pattern
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circumferential rib tread pattern
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code pattern
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color pattern
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color-bar test pattern
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color-bar pattern
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columnar freezing pattern
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completely atomized spray pattern
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concentrated ring pattern
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conductor pattern
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confronted drainage pattern
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consumable pattern
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contact pattern
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coverage pattern
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crack pattern
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crosshatch pattern
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cross-polarized pattern
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cross-polar pattern
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crystal pattern
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dark streak pattern
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dendritic drainage pattern
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dendritic pattern
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diamond tread pattern
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diamond-shaped well pattern
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difference pattern
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diffraction pattern
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directional pattern
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direction pattern
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directional radiation pattern
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directive pattern
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domain pattern
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dot pattern
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drafting pattern
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drainage pattern
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drilling pattern
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electron transmission diffraction pattern
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electron-diffraction pattern
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electrostatic-charge pattern
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E-plane pattern
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error pattern
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etch pattern
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eye pattern
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fan pattern
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feed pattern
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field distribution pattern
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field pattern
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fine speckle pattern
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five-spot well pattern
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flooding pattern
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flood pattern
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flow pattern
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flux pattern
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four-spot well pattern
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fracture pattern
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fracture radiation pattern
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freckle pattern
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fringe pattern
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geophone pattern
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grain pattern
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ground grip tread pattern
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ground-echo pattern
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ground-wave pattern
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growth pattern
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H hum pattern
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hail pattern
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heating pattern
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hexagonal well pattern
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holding pattern
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holdsite pattern
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hole pattern
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holographic pattern
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horizontal deflection spray pattern
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H-plane pattern
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idle pattern
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ignition pattern
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illumination pattern
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image pattern
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industrial pattern
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ingot pattern
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intarsia pattern
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interconnection pattern
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interdigital pattern
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interference pattern
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interlocking pattern
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investment pattern
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isobaric pattern
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laminate pattern
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lattice drainage pattern
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layout pattern
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lead pattern
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light pattern
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line pattern
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line well pattern
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Lissajous patterns
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load pattern
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loading pattern
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lobed pattern
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lost pattern
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low sidelobe pattern
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magnetic field pattern
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magnetization pattern
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master pattern
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match-all pattern
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match-plate pattern
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metallization pattern
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metal pattern
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mirror repeat jacquard pattern
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mode pattern
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moire pattern
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movement pattern
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multibasinal drainage pattern
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multiple pattern
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negative pattern
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nine-spot well pattern
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nodal pattern
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noise pattern
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notched pattern
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nulled pattern
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optical pattern
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oscilloscope pattern
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parallel drainage pattern
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pattern of end or side crops
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pattern of measuring instrument
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pattern of wear
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pencil-beam pattern
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permalloy propagation patterns
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permalloy patterns
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photoetched pattern
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polarization pattern
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positive pattern
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potential pattern
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powder pattern
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pressure pattern
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primary pattern
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printed-circuit pattern
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pseudorandom pattern
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pulse pattern
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quiescent pattern
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race track holding pattern
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radial drainage pattern
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radial drilling pattern
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radiation pattern
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rainfall pattern
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raster pattern
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rectangular approach traffic pattern
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rectangular drainage pattern
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reference pattern
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reflected scattering pattern
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resolution pattern
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rigid cycle pattern
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river-system pattern
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rolling pattern
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rotating crystal pattern
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routing pattern
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runback pattern
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scan pattern
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scattering pattern
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screen pattern
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screen-type pattern
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secondary pattern
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sector-shaped pattern
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selected area diffraction pattern
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shaped pattern
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shot pattern
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sound pattern
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space pattern
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speaker reference pattern
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speckle pattern
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spidery interconnection pattern
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spiral repeat jacquard pattern
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split pattern
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spray pattern
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square well pattern
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stacking pattern
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staggered line well pattern
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staggered well pattern
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stitch transfer pattern
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straight repeat jacquard pattern
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stream pattern
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stress pattern
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support pattern
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synchronization pattern
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takeoff pattern
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teeth row to row pattern
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temperature pattern
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temporary pattern
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test pattern
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traffic pattern
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training pattern
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transmission pattern
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tread pattern
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tree pattern
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trellis drainage pattern
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triangular well pattern
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two-dimensional pattern
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type test pattern
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unidentifiable flow pattern
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vocabulary reference pattern
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wafer pattern
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wave pattern
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wear pattern
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weather pattern
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wedge pattern
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well pattern
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Widmanstatten pattern
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wiring pattern
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word pattern
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X-ray diffraction pattern
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X-ray pattern -
12 diagram
1) диаграмма; схема; эпюра; график; чертёж || строить диаграмму или график; составлять схему; изображать схематически•to letter space diagram of structure — районировать схему конструкции;-
adiabatic diagram
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admittance diagram
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aerological diagram
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aircraft balance diagram
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algorithmic diagram
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angle diagram
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antenna directivity diagram
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aperture illumination diagram
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axial force diagram
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band diagram
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base diagram
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basic diagram
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bending moment diagram
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binary constitutional diagram
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binary equilibrium diagram
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block diagram
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boiler flow diagram
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Bonjean diagram
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brake diagram
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cabling diagram
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cardioid diagram
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chromaticity diagram
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chrominance phasor diagram
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circle diagram
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circuit diagram
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clearance diagram
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color-phase diagram
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complete circuit diagram
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compression stress-strain diagram
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connecting diagram
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constitutional diagram
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construction diagram
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continuous cooling transformation diagram
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cooling diagram
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copolar diagram
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correlation diagram
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cosecant-squared diagram
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coverage diagram
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current-voltage diagram
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data flow diagram
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directional diagram
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displacement diagram
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distribution diagram
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electrical schematic diagram
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elementary diagram
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energy band diagram
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enthalpy diagram
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equipment diagram
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erection diagram
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external force diagram
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eye diagram
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fiber diagram
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film threading diagram
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floodable length diagram
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flow diagram
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flow pattern diagram
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force diagram
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free-space diagram
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freezing diagram
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frequency diagram
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functional block diagram
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functional diagram
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fusion diagram
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gas-gathering diagram
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hookup diagram
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indicator diagram
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installation diagram
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interconnection diagram
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iron-carbon diagram
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iron-cementite diagram
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iron-graphite diagram
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isocandela diagram
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isolux diagram
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key diagram
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ladder diagram
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line diagram
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load diagram
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load impedance diagram
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loading diagram
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loading gage diagram
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locus diagram
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logical diagram
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logic diagram
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lubrication diagram
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Mac Cabe-Thiele diagram
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maintenance diagram
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marking diagram
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mass diagram
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mass-haul diagram
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Maxwell diagram
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melting diagram
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metacentric diagram
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mimic diagram
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mine ventilation diagram
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mnemonic diagram
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normal stress distribution diagram
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oil-gas gathering diagram
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one-line diagram
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performance diagram
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phase diagram
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phasor diagram
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piping diagram
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plant flow diagram
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polar diagram
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polar phase diagram
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Potier diagram
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pressure-volume diagram
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process flow diagram
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propeller diagram
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psychrometric diagram
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radiation diagram
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rectangular stress diagram
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remote track diagram
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RGB chromaticity diagram
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rock-support interaction diagram
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Sankey diagram
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scatter diagram
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schematic diagram
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sensitivity diagram
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shear diagram
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shearing stress distribution diagram
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shutter cycle diagram
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shutter diagram
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signal-flow diagram
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skeleton diagram
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Smith diagram
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S-N diagram
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space diagram of structure
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spoid diagram
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stability diagram
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state-transition diagram
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state diagram
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strain diagram
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stress distribution diagram
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stress diagram
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stress-cycle diagram
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stress-strain diagram
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structural diagram
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switch layout diagram
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temperature diagram
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temperature-entropy diagram
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tensile stress-strain diagram
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test diagram
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thermodynamic diagram
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time diagram
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time-temperature-precipitation diagram
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time-temperature-transformation diagram
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timing diagram
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tower track diagram
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track diagram
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track occupation diagram
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traffic diagram
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train diagram
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transformation diagram
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triangular stressdiagram
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true stress-true strain diagram
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truth diagram
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TTP diagram
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TTT diagram
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twisting moment diagram
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unloading stress diagram
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valve opening diagram
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vector diagram
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volt-amps diagram
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water consumption diagram
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water piping diagram
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Williot diagram
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winding diagram
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wiring diagram
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work diagram -
13 chart
диаграмма; схема; таблица; график; карта; картограмма || чертить диаграмму или схему; составлять таблицу -
14 system
1) система; сеть; комплекс2) установка, устройство3) план; расположение4) система; порядок; классификация•- system of catalogs - system of catalogues - system of forces - system of ground points - system of road signs - system of scaffolds - acoustic signalling system - active residential solar heating system - aeration system - air-brake system - air-comfort system - air-conditioning system - air-curtain system - air-foam system - airline system - airline vacuum system - air-pressure water system - all-outside air-conditioning system - arch system - arch-and-pier system - audible alarm system - Automated Data Management System in Building - ADMSB - automatic fire alarm system - balanced system of ventilation - bar system - basic system - beam system - blower system - British absolute system of units - building system - building central air conditioning system - building solar optical system - bypass pipe system - cable system - cantilever tieback system - cathodic protection system of pipelines - central fan electric heating system - central hot water supply system - check-board system - circulating water system - closed system - closed heat supply system - closed pipeline system - collecting system - colour spraying systems - combined extract-and-input system - combined sewerage system - community complete system in containers or skids - composite cable roof system - compressed-air system - computer-aided system - consolidated power system - control system of survey - cooling system - cooling pipe system - coordinate system - curing system - decimal system - designation system - discrete system - discrete-continual system - distributing system - district heating system - double-pipe system - double-pipeline system - double-pipe riser system - downward system of ventilation - drainage system - drencher system - drop system - dry pipe sprinkler system - dry return system - duct system - earthling system - ejector system - elastic system - electric heating system - embedded panel system - emergency power supply system - energy recovery system - engineer's system of units - filling system of navigation lock - filtration system - fire-alarm sounding system - fire-fighting system - fire-sprinkling system - fire warning system - fixing systems - flange system - flooding system - floor system - floor system of bridge - floor heating system - flow-through system - flue gas cleaning system - fluid power system - forced circulation system - four-axis system - framed system - gas heating system - glaze systems - gravity system - gravity water supply system - grid system - hazard system - heating system - heat pump system - heat supply system - high pressure air-conditioning system - high velocity air-conditioning system - hinged system - hoisting system - hot air system - hot blast system - hot water supply system - inflation system - instantaneously variable system - integral deck system - integrated dispatching system - invariable system - ion-exchange system - irrigation system - land system - large public water system - lateral system - left-handed system - lighting system - local air-conditioning system - lock-filling system - long-line system - low pressure air-conditioning system - low velocity air-conditioning system - low voltage system - main system - management system - measuring system - mechanical systems of a house - medium-size public water system - membrane system - metric system - modular coordinating space system - monitoring system - multistage gas supply system - network system - observing system - once-through system - one-layer cable system - one-pipe heating system - one-pipe loop system - open system - open heat supply system - open return system - overhead system of heating - overhead heating system - panel air system - panel cooling system - pipeline system - piping system - plane system - plumbing system - pollution control system - population settlement group system - post-tensioned system - potabilization system - power system - power-reservoir system - pressurized water treatment system - pre-tensioned system - primary system - public transport system - public water system - public waterworks system - quality control system - quarternary system - railroad system - recirculated heating system - recirculation duct air conditioning system - recool system - rectangular system of street layout - reliability coefficients system - remote control system - reusing water supply system - rigid cable roof system - ring heating system - roll-cap system - round duct system - safety valve of a hydraulic system - saprobity system - separate sewerage system - septic system - sewerage system - single duct air-conditioning system - single-stage system - single-track automatic block system - slab-stringer system - smoke-detector system - solar aquatic system - solar cooling system - solar heating system - solar thermal power system - space system - split system - sprinkler system - statically determinate system - statically indeterminate system - steel plate system - structural system - supply air system - suspension system - thermal reheat system - three-dimensional system - three-way system of reinforcement - thrust system - total energy system - two-dimensional system - two-duct air-conditioning system - two-layer cable roof system - two-pipe water heating system - underfloor heating system - underground cable system - unified modular coordination system - universal sewerage system - upfeed water heating system - up-lighting system - utility system - utility detection system - vacuum system - vandalproof system - variable air volume system - ventilation system - warning system - waste treatment system - waste water system - water system - water measuring systems - water purification system - water quality system - water quality indicator system - water supply system - water supply by zones system - water treatment systems - wind bracing system - zone system* * *1. система; сеть (напр. трубопроводов); устройство2. способ, метод- system of forcessystem in equilibrium — равновесная система, система в состоянии равновесия
- system of masses
- system of scaffolds
- ABC system
- AC system
- acoustical ceiling system
- active solar energy system
- aesthetic value system
- air classification system
- air cycle refrigerating system
- airfield soil classification system
- air pollution control system
- air-to-air system
- air-to-water system
- air transport system
- alarm system
- all-air system
- all outside air system
- all-water coil system
- all water fan coil system
- approach lighting system
- arterial system
- Atterberg soil classification system
- audio alarm system
- automated casting system
- automatic fire alarm system
- automatic fire protection system
- automatic flushing system
- balanced system
- balanced system of streets
- balanced ventilation system
- bar system
- beam structural system
- bell alarm system
- Benoto piling system
- bivalent heat pump system
- bleed-in system
- blow and exhaust system
- blow through air-conditioning system
- blow through fan system
- bootstrap system
- box system
- bridge deck structured system
- British soil classification system
- building system
- building automation system
- building-drainage system
- building gravity drainage system
- building management system
- built-in dust suppression system
- burglar alarm system
- cable system
- central air heating system
- central fan system
- centralized hot-water supply system
- central plant air conditioning system
- changeover system
- circulating system
- circulation water supply system
- circulation water system
- closed system
- closed heat-supply system
- closed-loop heat pump system
- closed-type steam heating system
- coding system
- cogeneration system
- cold supply system
- collapsing-ring bridge rail system
- combined drainage system
- combined sewage system
- complanar system of structural members
- complanar force system
- complete-mix activated sludge system
- composite frame system
- compression system
- concrete suspended flooring system
- constant volume system
- continuous conveying system
- continuous suspension system
- control system
- cooling system
- coordinate system
- cost-efficient floor system
- crossbar approach lighting system
- cross blow ventilation system
- curtain walling system
- custom forming system
- decentralized air conditioning system
- decentralized sewerage system
- deluge sprinkler system
- desiccant cooling system
- designation system
- design-built system
- diffusion-absorption system
- digital indicating system
- direct system
- direct air heating system
- direct cooling system
- direct expansion system
- direct hot water system
- direct hot-water supply system
- direct return system
- direct through air-conditioning system
- distribution system
- domestic hot water system
- domestic sewerage system
- "Dot" recording system
- double-pipe system
- double stack system
- down-feed system
- drainage system
- draw-in system
- draw-through fan system
- draw-through system
- drencher system
- drop system
- dry-pipe sprinkler system
- dual conduit system
- duct system
- ductless split air conditioning system
- dust collecting system
- dust extract system
- early warning system
- economical floor system
- ejector refrigerating system
- elastic mechanical system
- elastic system
- electric heating system
- electric reheat system
- energy management system
- environmental system
- exhaust system
- extract system
- FAA soil classification system
- fan coil system
- Federal aviation administration soil classification system
- fire alarm system
- fire-extinguishing system
- fire protection system
- flat plate-pipe column floor system
- floor structural system
- floor system
- flow-through system
- F-number system
- force system
- forming-and-reinforcing system
- Forton system
- four pipe system
- gantry crane system
- gas heating system
- gravity system
- gravity-flow heating system
- gravity sewerage system
- gravity steam heating system
- gravity water-supply system
- grid coordinate system
- gridiron distribution system
- grounding system
- groundwater control system
- group water supply system
- gyratory system
- heat distribution system
- heating system
- heat-of-light system
- heat pump system
- heat recovery system
- heat supply system
- heat-traced system
- high-intensity lighting system
- high temperature hot-water heating system
- high velocity system
- hold-over system
- holonomic system
- hot-air system
- hot water system
- hot-water circulation system
- hush piling system
- hybrid system
- hydraulic control system
- hydrophilic system
- hydrophobic system
- indirect expansion system
- indirect hot-water supply system
- indirect refrigeration system
- individual sewage-disposal system
- induction air conditioning system
- induction system
- industrialized building systems
- inflation system
- instrument landing system
- integral deck system
- integrated distribution floor system
- inverter driven VRV system
- Jackson system
- land system
- large panel system
- lighting system
- line system
- liquid overfeed system
- local sewerage system
- low-pressure system
- low pressure hot water system
- low velocity system
- main system
- maintenance management system
- mass transit system
- materials-handling system
- mechanical system
- mechanical refrigerating system
- mechanical supply system
- medium pressure hot water system
- medium temperature hot water system
- microbore heating system
- modular system
- modular air conditioning system
- modular compression sealing system
- modular decking system
- modular precast building system
- multiple-degree system
- multiple web system
- multiple well system
- multistage gas-supply system
- multizone system
- municipal piping system
- nail-free formwork system
- non-changeover system
- octopus duct system
- oil fired heating system
- once-through water-supply system
- one-degree system
- one-duct air-conditioning system
- one-pipe system
- one-pipe loop system
- one-way system
- open system
- open expansion tank system
- open-loop control system
- open return system
- open steam heating system
- operation system
- overhead heating system
- overhead runway system
- packaged cogeneration system
- panel air-conditioning system
- panel air system
- panel-lock system
- partially-separate system
- piping system
- plane system of forces
- plane grid system
- plenum system
- plumbing system
- pneumatic conveying system
- post-tensioning system
- preaction sprinkler system
- prefabricated pipe conduit system
- pressurization system
- pressurized heating system
- pressurized hot water system
- primary-secondary system
- principal system
- public system
- public waterwork system
- push-through fan system
- push-through system
- quality system
- rail mounted track laying system
- raised floor system
- rapid transport system
- recool system
- recycling system
- recycling water system
- redundant bridge system
- refrigerating system
- regenerative air cycle system
- regional settlement system
- reheat system
- return system
- return air system
- reverse return system
- reverse return upfeed system
- rising heating system
- road system
- roofing system
- run-around system
- safety system
- scraper system
- sealed heating system
- security system
- self-climbing form system
- separate sewerage system
- separate system
- series loop system
- sewage system
- shunt system
- single-degree-of-freedom system
- single-degree system
- single duct air conditioning system
- single-pipe heating system
- single-pipe heat-supply system
- single-stack plumbing system
- single-storey heating system
- single web system
- single-zone air-conditioning system
- slab-stringer system
- small bore heating system
- smoke control system
- smoke extract ventilation system
- soil system
- soil absorption system
- solar heating system
- solid fuel heating system
- split system
- sprinkler system
- state plane coordinate system
- statically determinate system
- statically indeterminate system
- stationary system of loads
- steam heating system
- steel plate system
- storm sewer system
- structural system
- structural monitoring system
- sub-atmospheric heating system
- subbuilding drainage system
- subsurface drainage system
- subsurface sewage disposal system
- supply air system
- supporting formwork system
- suspension structural system
- swing joint system
- taxiway system
- telpher system
- terminal reheat system
- thermal storage heating system
- thermosiphon system
- three-pipe system
- three-pipe air-conditioning system
- three-pipe heat supply system
- total energy system
- track laying system
- trench shoring system
- trussed system
- truss-supported deck system
- tube cleaning system
- two-degree-of-freedom system
- two-degree system
- two-pipe system
- two value system of proportional balancing
- two value system
- two-way system
- underfloor conduit system
- unvented system
- up-feed heating system
- utility detection system
- vacuum heating system
- vacuum return system
- vacuum waste disposal system
- variable air volume system
- variable refrigerant volume system
- variable volume system
- variable water volume system
- VAV system
- vented system
- ventilation system
- VRV system
- VWV system
- warning system
- water-air heating system
- water booster system
- water-supply system
- water-to-air system
- water-to-water system
- wellpoint system
- wet return system
- wind framing system
- wire cable control system
- wiring system
- zoned system
- zone reheat system -
15 Stephenson, Robert
[br]b. 16 October 1803 Willington Quay, Northumberland, Englandd. 12 October 1859 London, England[br]English engineer who built the locomotive Rocket and constructed many important early trunk railways.[br]Robert Stephenson's father was George Stephenson, who ensured that his son was educated to obtain the theoretical knowledge he lacked himself. In 1821 Robert Stephenson assisted his father in his survey of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway and in 1822 he assisted William James in the first survey of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. He then went to Edinburgh University for six months, and the following year Robert Stephenson \& Co. was named after him as Managing Partner when it was formed by himself, his father and others. The firm was to build stationary engines, locomotives and railway rolling stock; in its early years it also built paper-making machinery and did general engineering.In 1824, however, Robert Stephenson accepted, perhaps in reaction to an excess of parental control, an invitation by a group of London speculators called the Colombian Mining Association to lead an expedition to South America to use steam power to reopen gold and silver mines. He subsequently visited North America before returning to England in 1827 to rejoin his father as an equal and again take charge of Robert Stephenson \& Co. There he set about altering the design of steam locomotives to improve both their riding and their steam-generating capacity. Lancashire Witch, completed in July 1828, was the first locomotive mounted on steel springs and had twin furnace tubes through the boiler to produce a large heating surface. Later that year Robert Stephenson \& Co. supplied the Stockton \& Darlington Railway with a wagon, mounted for the first time on springs and with outside bearings. It was to be the prototype of the standard British railway wagon. Between April and September 1829 Robert Stephenson built, not without difficulty, a multi-tubular boiler, as suggested by Henry Booth to George Stephenson, and incorporated it into the locomotive Rocket which the three men entered in the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway's Rainhill Trials in October. Rocket, was outstandingly successful and demonstrated that the long-distance steam railway was practicable.Robert Stephenson continued to develop the locomotive. Northumbrian, built in 1830, had for the first time, a smokebox at the front of the boiler and also the firebox built integrally with the rear of the boiler. Then in Planet, built later the same year, he adopted a layout for the working parts used earlier by steam road-coach pioneer Goldsworthy Gurney, placing the cylinders, for the first time, in a nearly horizontal position beneath the smokebox, with the connecting rods driving a cranked axle. He had evolved the definitive form for the steam locomotive.Also in 1830, Robert Stephenson surveyed the London \& Birmingham Railway, which was authorized by Act of Parliament in 1833. Stephenson became Engineer for construction of the 112-mile (180 km) railway, probably at that date the greatest task ever undertaken in of civil engineering. In this he was greatly assisted by G.P.Bidder, who as a child prodigy had been known as "The Calculating Boy", and the two men were to be associated in many subsequent projects. On the London \& Birmingham Railway there were long and deep cuttings to be excavated and difficult tunnels to be bored, notoriously at Kilsby. The line was opened in 1838.In 1837 Stephenson provided facilities for W.F. Cooke to make an experimental electrictelegraph installation at London Euston. The directors of the London \& Birmingham Railway company, however, did not accept his recommendation that they should adopt the electric telegraph and it was left to I.K. Brunel to instigate the first permanent installation, alongside the Great Western Railway. After Cooke formed the Electric Telegraph Company, Stephenson became a shareholder and was Chairman during 1857–8.Earlier, in the 1830s, Robert Stephenson assisted his father in advising on railways in Belgium and came to be increasingly in demand as a consultant. In 1840, however, he was almost ruined financially as a result of the collapse of the Stanhope \& Tyne Rail Road; in return for acting as Engineer-in-Chief he had unwisely accepted shares, with unlimited liability, instead of a fee.During the late 1840s Stephenson's greatest achievements were the design and construction of four great bridges, as part of railways for which he was responsible. The High Level Bridge over the Tyne at Newcastle and the Royal Border Bridge over the Tweed at Berwick were the links needed to complete the East Coast Route from London to Scotland. For the Chester \& Holyhead Railway to cross the Menai Strait, a bridge with spans as long-as 460 ft (140 m) was needed: Stephenson designed them as wrought-iron tubes of rectangular cross-section, through which the trains would pass, and eventually joined the spans together into a tube 1,511 ft (460 m) long from shore to shore. Extensive testing was done beforehand by shipbuilder William Fairbairn to prove the method, and as a preliminary it was first used for a 400 ft (122 m) span bridge at Conway.In 1847 Robert Stephenson was elected MP for Whitby, a position he held until his death, and he was one of the exhibition commissioners for the Great Exhibition of 1851. In the early 1850s he was Engineer-in-Chief for the Norwegian Trunk Railway, the first railway in Norway, and he also built the Alexandria \& Cairo Railway, the first railway in Africa. This included two tubular bridges with the railway running on top of the tubes. The railway was extended to Suez in 1858 and for several years provided a link in the route from Britain to India, until superseded by the Suez Canal, which Stephenson had opposed in Parliament. The greatest of all his tubular bridges was the Victoria Bridge across the River St Lawrence at Montreal: after inspecting the site in 1852 he was appointed Engineer-in-Chief for the bridge, which was 1 1/2 miles (2 km) long and was designed in his London offices. Sadly he, like Brunel, died young from self-imposed overwork, before the bridge was completed in 1859.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1849. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1849. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1856. Order of St Olaf (Norway). Order of Leopold (Belgium). Like his father, Robert Stephenson refused a knighthood.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (a good modern biography).J.C.Jeaffreson, 1864, The Life of Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (the standard nine-teenth-century biography).M.R.Bailey, 1979, "Robert Stephenson \& Co. 1823–1829", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 50 (provides details of the early products of that company).J.Kieve, 1973, The Electric Telegraph, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.PJGR -
16 Converging Radial
"A SmartArt graphic layout used to show relationships of concepts or components to a central idea in a cycle. The first line of Level 1 text corresponds to the central circular shape and the lines of Level 2 text correspond to the surrounding rectangular shapes. Unused text does not appear, but remains available if you switch layouts." -
17 Cycle Matrix
"A SmartArt graphic layout used to show the relationship to a central idea in a cyclical progression. Each of the first four lines of Level 1 text corresponds to a wedge or pie shape, and Level 2 text appears in a rectangular shape to the side of the wedge or pie shape. Unused text does not appear, but remains available if you switch layouts." -
18 Picture Accent Process
"A SmartArt graphic layout used to show sequential steps in a task, process, or workflow. The rectangular shapes in the background are designed to contain pictures." -
19 Pyramid List
"A SmartArt graphic layout used to show proportional, interconnected, or hierarchical relationships. Text appears in the rectangular shapes on top of the pyramid background" -
20 Target List
"A SmartArt graphic layout used to show interrelated or overlapping information. Each of the first seven lines of Level 1 text appears in the rectangular shape. Unused text does not appear, but remains available if you switch layouts. Works well with both Level 1 and Level 2 text."
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